![]() ![]() An overview of the preventive tools and measures that can decrease the likelihood of the virus transmission are presented to highlight the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), including the masks, face shields, gloves, and ventilators. Strategies to eliminate the current pandemic are analyzed by herd immunity, shield immunity, vaccine development, and proactive screening. Distinct methods by which the virus gets transmitted between carriers are discussed. Similarities and differences between the novel SARS-CoV and other viruses from the coronavirus family are analyzed. Herein, we discuss the biological basis of the disease progression and transmission routes, along with the historical background of similar viral infections. This paper presents diagnostic and prevention tools to control the novel COVID-19 pandemic. Well-planned public health structures, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and societal policies are needed to disseminate public health preparedness and guide the emergent response, as well as identify gaps in knowledge and solve them. For these outbreaks to subside and be prevented, there is an urgent need to identify emerging outbreaks and create policies to act accordingly. This rise in pandemics can be attributed to global travel and the exploitation of the environment. These pandemics can affect the economy and cause social and political disruptions. These viruses have the potential to become a pandemic, as the World Health Organization (WHO) declares COVID-19 to be outbreaks of infectious disease crossing international boundaries, resulting in morbidity and mortality at a large scale. ![]() The coronavirus family (CoV) are single-stranded RNA viruses that are found in different animals and can cross species barriers and use other mammals as hosts. In the last two decades, there have been several epidemics, including SARS-CoV in 2002–2003, H1N1 influenza in 2009, and MERS in 2012. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus strain, known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in 2019 and is considered to be a pandemic in the form of viral pneumonia. Therefore, technological developments, biomedical research, and policy development are needed to decipher the coronavirus mechanism and epidemiological characteristics, prevent transmission, and develop therapeutic drugs. Until the discovery of a clinically approved vaccine for COVID-19, pandemics remain a public concern. COVID-19 diagnosis and the prediction of virus transmission are analyzed by machine learning algorithms, simulations, and digital monitoring. To meet the growing demand for medical supplies during the COVID-19 era, a variety of personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilators have been developed using do-it-yourself (DIY) manufacturing. This review focuses on the recent trends in pandemic biology, diagnostics methods, prevention tools, and policies for COVID-19 management. The pathogenic particles that are generated by coughing and sneezing remain suspended in the air or attach to a surface to facilitate transmission in an aerosol form. The emerging virus, SARS-CoV-2, causes coughing, fever, muscle ache, and shortness of breath or dyspnea in symptomatic patients. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), outbreak from Wuhan City, Hubei province, China in 2019 has become an ongoing global health emergency. ![]()
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